Identification of Various Active and Passive Electronic Components in a Given Circuit

Experiment No.: 10

Experiment Name:

Identification of Various Active and Passive Electronic Components in a Given Circuit

Objective:

To identify various active and passive electronic components in a given circuit.

Theory:

1. Active Components : An active component is an electronic component which supplies energy to a circuit.

Common examples of active components are:

• Voltage sources
• Current sources
• Generators (such as alternators and DC generators)
• All different types of transistors (such as bipolar junction transistors, MOSFETS, FETs, and JFET)
• Diodes (such as Zener diodes, photodiodes, Schottky diodes, and LEDs)

2. Passive Components: A passive component is an electronic component which can only receive energy, which it can either dissipate, absorb or store it in an electric field or a magnetic field. Passive elements do not need any form of electrical power to operate. As the name ‘passive’ suggests – passive devices do not provide gain or amplification. Passive components cannot amplify, oscillate, or generate an electrical signal.

Common examples of passive components are:

• Resistors
• Inductors
• Capacitors
• Transformers

Different Elements Identified:

Sl. No.	Name of the Elements	Figure of the Component	Symbol	Component Type	Function	Application	No. of Terminals
1.	Resistor			Passive	It resist the flow of current	Shunt, multiplier, current controller,	2
2.	POT (Potentiometer)			Passive	It works as a variable resistor	Control volume, brightness, colour	3
3.	LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)			Passive	It is used where there is a need to sense the presence and absence of light is necessary.	Alarm clocks, street lights, light intensity meters, burglar alarm circuits	2
4.	Inductor			Passive	It helps to store energy in the form of magnetic energy when electric current flows through it	Choking, blocking, attenuating, or filtering/smoothing high frequency noise in electrical circuits	2
5.	Polarised Capacitor			Passive	It passes AC and block DC	to filter power supplies in ac to dc rectifier circuit	2
6.	Non Polarised Capacitor			Passive	It has no implicit polarity – it can be connected either way in a circuit	used in circuits of coupling, decoupling, feedback, compensation, and oscillation	2
7.	PN Junction Diode			Passive	It is used to remove negative signals from AC current	Rectifier circuit, isolating signals from a supply, and mixing signals	2
8.	Zener Diode			Active	It can act as a steady output voltage for a load connected in parallel with it	Voltage regulation, as reference elements, surge suppressors, switching applications and clipper circuits	2
9.	LED (Light Emitting Diode)			Passive	It is a specialised type of diode as they have very similar electrical characteristics to a PN junction diode	Modern illumination, indicator, display	2
10.	PNP Transistor			Active	It helps to control current flow in heavy applications	Amplification circuits	3
11.	NPN Transistor			Active	It is used to amplify weak signals	Switching applications, amplification circuits	3
12.	FET (Field Effect Transistor)			Active	It is a voltage controlled device due to this it is used in operational amplifier as voltage variable resistors.	Input amplifiers in devices i.e. voltmeters, oscilloscopes, and other measuring devices	3
13.	MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)			Active	It has an insulated gate, whose voltage determines the conductivity of the device.	automotive electronics, particularly as switching devices in electronic control units, and as power converters in modern electric vehicles	3
14.	SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier)			Active	It is essentially a switch with no moving parts. It consists of a semiconductive path and what is called a bridge.	used in devices where the control of high power, possibly coupled with high voltage, is demanded	3
15.	Transformer			Passive	It is a static device which transfer electric power from one circuit to another without changing it’s frequency.	To step up and step down the voltage and current	4 or 5 (in case of centre tapped transformer)

Remarks: The aforesaid elements are identified successfully in a given circuit.